Coughs & Bronchitis

What is Bronchitis and How Does it Cause Coughing?

Bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are responsible for carrying air from your nose and mouth into your lungs via the trachea (windpipe). When these tubes become inflamed, they tend to swell, and the usual secretions that maintain lung moisture and cleanliness can accumulate. This accumulation can lead to a narrowing of the air passages, making it challenging to keep the lungs free from obstruction.

In response to bronchitis, your body initiates a coughing mechanism to expel the accumulated mucus or phlegm. This type of cough is often referred to as a "productive" or "wet" cough.

What symptoms can occur with bronchitis?

The initial signs of this condition resemble those of a common cold or influenza. The primary symptom is a persistent productive cough that can endure for several days to even weeks. Additionally, individuals may commonly experience:

  • Chills

  • Fatigue

  • Fever, reaching 100.4°F (38°C) or higher

  • Muscle aches

  • Runny nose

  • Sneezing

  • Sore throat

In some cases, after recovering from a COVID-19 infection, certain individuals may continue to experience cough and bronchitis-like symptoms for weeks to months. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as "long COVID-19" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." If you have previously had COVID-19 and are now encountering new or persistent symptoms in the weeks to months following your initial recovery, a MinuteClinic® provider can provide assistance and guidance.

What type of bronchitis are there?

  • Acute Bronchitis (Chest Cold): Typically, this condition shows improvement within 7 to 10 days, but the cough may persist for a longer duration. It is more prevalent during the winter months, primarily triggered by viral infections. Bronchitis can also be provoked by irritants such as tobacco smoke, smog, chemicals found in household cleaners, and dust or noxious fumes in the environment.

  • Chronic Bronchitis: Characterized by a productive cough that endures for three months or more, chronic bronchitis can occasionally lead to acute infections when symptoms worsen. These acute episodes may coincide with the chronic bronchitis. Common factors exacerbating symptoms include smoking, exposure to air pollution, and workplace contact with dust and hazardous vapors.

How is bronchitis treated?

Antibiotics prove effective exclusively when a bacterial infection is the underlying cause of bronchitis. They do not exert any impact on viral infections or inflammation triggered by irritants. Consequently, antibiotics are generally not prescribed for bronchitis. To alleviate symptoms, consider the following over-the-counter medications:

  • Acetaminophen

  • Aspirin

  • Ibuprofen

  • Expectorant cough syrups: These can enhance the discharge of bronchial secretions, facilitating a swifter clearance. (Note that the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend cough suppressants for children aged 6 years and younger.)

Managing Bronchitis Symptoms Naturally at Home

You can address bronchitis symptoms using natural remedies that may offer additional health benefits:

  • Honey: There is evidence to support its effectiveness as a cough suppressant for individuals over the age of 1.

  • Steam: Steam can assist in loosening and clearing mucus. You can inhale steam by taking a hot bath or shower. Inhaling steam from a bowl of warm water can also provide relief.

Preventing Bronchitis

  • Regular Hand Hygiene: Consistent hand-washing is crucial for preventing infection transmission, particularly during the cold and flu season.

  • Avoid Touching Your Face: Refrain from touching your nose, eyes, or mouth to minimize the risk of infection.

  • Avoid Sharing Glasses or Utensils: Prevent the transfer of infections by refraining from sharing glasses or utensils with others.

  • Quit Smoking: Cease smoking and steer clear of exposure to second-hand smoke.

  • Minimize Exposure to Airborne Irritants: Protect yourself from dust, fumes, and other pollutants, and consider wearing a mask if necessary.

  • Prioritize Rest: Ensure you get adequate sleep as it aids in maintaining and repairing your body while enhancing immune functions.

  • Use a Humidifier: Maintain a healthy humidity level in your home by using a humidifier.