Psoriasis Treatment

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a condition primarily affecting the skin but, in some cases, can impact joints and other organs. Approximately 5 million people in the U.S. are affected by psoriasis.

There are five distinct types of psoriasis, diagnosed based on the appearance of the rash:

  • Erythrodermic psoriasis: This type results in widespread reddening of the skin, resembling a sunburn. If suspected, immediate medical attention is necessary.

  • Guttate psoriasis: This type presents lesions shaped like water drops and is often triggered by infections such as strep throat.

  • Intertriginous (inverse) psoriasis: This type causes red patches near the genitals, under the breasts, and in the armpits.

  • Plaque psoriasis: The most common form, characterized by red skin lesions covered by silver-colored scales.

  • Pustular psoriasis: This type leads to blisters on the skin and is typically triggered by medications, infections, and stress.

Symptoms of psoriasis

Psoriasis results in the formation of thick, red, scaly patches known as "plaques" or "lesions" on the skin. These plaques are often itchy or sore and can appear anywhere on the body, with common locations being the elbows, knees, face, scalp, and lower back. The visible effects of psoriasis can lead to embarrassment, prompting individuals to conceal affected areas.

What causes psoriasis?

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the rapid growth of skin cells. Typically, it takes about four weeks for skin cells to grow and reach the skin's surface. In psoriasis, this process occurs in just a few days, leading to the accumulation of cells on the skin surface, resulting in plaques and lesions.

People with psoriasis often observe fluctuations in their skin condition, with certain factors exacerbating the rash, such as:

  • Certain medications like beta blockers

  • Dry skin

  • Infections

  • Skin injuries

  • Stress

Psoriasis is not contagious and can run in families but is not transmitted through direct skin contact or the sharing of items like towels or clothing.

How is psoriasis treated?

  • Mild psoriasis: Topical medicines applied directly to the skin.

  • Moderate psoriasis: Topical medicines combined with special light treatment (phototherapy).

  • Severe psoriasis: Treatment with immune system-suppressing medications, administered through injection (IV or shot) or oral intake.

How do providers diagnose psoriasis?

Psoriasis is typically diagnosed through visual examination of the rash.