Rosacea

What is rosacea?

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by a facial appearance that mimics blushing, accompanied by small red bumps resembling acne. Typically, it affects the skin on the nose, cheeks, and forehead during flare-ups, with four distinct subtypes, each having its own set of symptoms. It's possible to experience multiple subtypes simultaneously.

  • Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR): This type involves facial redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels. Ocular rosacea: This subtype and its symptoms manifest around the eye area.

  • Papulopustular rosacea: Associated with acne-like breakouts, it is more common in women. Rhinophyma: A rare form characterized by thickening of the skin on the nose, typically affecting men.

Symptoms of rosacea

A sensitive, stinging, or burning sensation

  • Blushing or a flushed appearance

  • Dry or rough skin

  • Visibility of small blood vessels on the nose and cheeks

  • Swelling of the skin

Keeping a journal of symptoms, activities, environmental conditions, and potential triggers can assist in understanding the specific form of rosacea affecting an individual.

What causes rosacea?

Several factors contribute to rosacea, including:

  • Cathelicidin: A protein that usually protects the skin from infections but may cause redness and swelling in rosacea.

  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): A common bacterium causing gut infections found in people with rosacea.

  • Skin mites: Demodex, a mite living on everyone's skin, often resides on the nose and cheeks where rosacea appears.

  • Genetics: Susceptibility to rosacea may be inherited.

  • Immune system: Studies suggest that the immune system, particularly reactions to the bacteria Bacillus oleronius, may play a role.

How is rosacea treated?

While there is no cure for rosacea, treatment focuses on minimizing symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Common triggers to avoid include alcohol, intense exercise, spicy foods, stress, and extreme temperatures.

Effective skincare involves using mild cleansers, oil-free cosmetics, and moisturizers to prevent irritation. Sunscreen with broad-spectrum coverage and ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide is recommended. Some skincare products with potentially irritating ingredients, such as alcohol or menthol, should be avoided.

If left untreated, what are the possible side effects of rosacea?

Left untreated, rosacea can lead to acne or pimples, swollen bumps, and an enlarged nose. Typically developing in individuals aged 30 or older, flare-ups occur in cycles, with symptoms persisting for weeks or months, followed by periods of relief and recurrence.